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    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection</loc>
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    <lastmod>2026-02-08</lastmod>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/power-policy-and-planet</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-02-08</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/62fe0fca3cb8891b716a8ec1/d8caf7ca-41ff-45d8-a7fc-f33666c3428c/Screenshot+2026-02-08+at+3.53.23%E2%80%AFPM.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>News Collection - Power, Policy, and the Planet: Climate Change, AI, and the Future of Fiscal Policy - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Robert Rubin joins Jason Furman and Joseph Aldy, professors at Harvard Kennedy School, for a wide-ranging discussion at Harvard’s John F. Kennedy Jr. Forum. The three speakers cover environmental and technological challenges and consider ways in which public policy could address them. At the center of the conversation are two subjects: climate change and the advance of artificial intelligence. These topics intersect, since the data centers used for AI compute require large amounts of power, raising questions about how the growth of AI could impact carbon emissions and the clean energy transition. Rubin and his fellow panelists discuss the massive changes that both climate change and artificial intelligence stand to bring for the U.S. and global economies. Although the magnitude of these effects will continue to be debated, the discussion clarifies how both climate and AI will profoundly affect us. Rubin focuses on the need for government leaders to consider these issues with intellectual integrity to chart a sound course for the future.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/why-have-business-leaders-gone-silent</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-01-23</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/62fe0fca3cb8891b716a8ec1/64ccf25d-a701-4f75-a167-599f76984088/im-69150719.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>News Collection - Why Have Business Leaders Gone Silent? - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>My advice to those new in government work is to approach the job with modesty. While government can benefit from a business perspective, government can’t and shouldn’t be run like a business. This is in part because government work requires skills and knowledge one doesn’t acquire in business.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/we-both-served-as-treasury-secretary-we-know-this-bill-is-dangerous</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-01-23</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/62fe0fca3cb8891b716a8ec1/1cb83b3a-8956-4bf7-8146-ae9364ae267c/02rubinsummers1-wclj-superJumbo.jpg.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>News Collection - We Both Served as Treasury Secretary. We Know This Bill Is Dangerous. - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>In this New York Times article, Robert Rubin and Lawrence Summers argue that Donald Trump's fiscal approach risks reversing the economic success of the 1990s—the only time the federal budget was balanced in over half a century. While both presidents entered office facing serious fiscal challenges and technological transformation, their strategies couldn't be more different. Drawing on their experience as top members of President Bill Clinton’s economic team, Rubin and Summers note that the Clinton administration’s approach combined deficit reduction with investment stimulus, creating what they call a "virtuous cycle" of growth, lower interest rates, and more investment. Trump's current legislative package, they argue, threatens to put this cycle in reverse by undermining the Federal Reserve, imposing tariffs, and passing what they describe as a "budget-busting" tax bill that could push debt to 135% of GDP by 2035. Their warning comes as Congress considers legislation that Rubin and Summers urge lawmakers to reject.</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/the-limits-of-running-government-like-a-business</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-09-16</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/62fe0fca3cb8891b716a8ec1/11471f90-d8fc-4345-93f5-ae891250df15/Robert_Rubin_testifies_to_the_Senate_Banking_Committee.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>News Collection - The Limits of ‘Running Government Like a Business’ - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>My advice to those new in government work is to approach the job with modesty. While government can benefit from a business perspective, government can’t and shouldn’t be run like a business. This is in part because government work requires skills and knowledge one doesn’t acquire in business.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/if-youre-worried-about-the-future-of-our-country-do-something-about-it</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-01-23</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/62fe0fca3cb8891b716a8ec1/0c00328d-ee9e-45a3-af3d-364d6f8c7617/24Rubin-superJumbo.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>News Collection - If You’re Worried About the Future of Our Country, Do Something About It - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>In this New York Times article, Robert Rubin writes that as coordinated threats from Russia, China, North Korea, and Iran intensify, and political polarization deepens at home, civic engagement has become more essential, not less. Rubin’s own path to engagement started unexpectedly with an invitation to join the American Ballet Theater board. This led to decades of involvement across politics, policy, and the arts. At 84, he's still learning—recently taking AI tutorials to stay current with technological developments. His central point: meaningful participation doesn't require expertise or formal positions, just curiosity and willingness to contribute. Opportunities to get involved in society—in policy, charity, politics, education, combatting poverty, and more—are available to everyone, Rubin writes. And American society will, he concludes, benefit enormously from this kind of active citizenship.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/the-enormous-risks-a-second-trump-term-poses-to-our-economy</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-09-16</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/62fe0fca3cb8891b716a8ec1/3f36a837-f3fa-4c29-8540-61ce975caa39/08rubin-image-superJumbo.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>News Collection - The Enormous Risks a Second Trump Term Poses to Our Economy - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>In this New York Times article, Robert Rubin and Kenneth Chenault write as two figures who have more than a century of combined experience in business, government, and policy. Drawing on their work with elected officials and business leaders across the ideological spectrum, Rubin and Chenault argue that a second presidential term for Donald Trump would pose enormous risks to the U.S. economy. They suggest that while many in finance and business seem to view Trump as essentially a normal Republican candidate on economic issues, this perspective fundamentally misreads both his track record and his stated second-term agenda. Rubin and Chenault systematically examine Trump's economic proposals through the lens of fiscal policy, trade, regulation, and institutional independence, painting a picture they believe should deeply concern anyone invested in economic stability. Focusing on concrete policy specifics, they conclude with a stark warning about the risks of assuming that surviving one Trump term guarantees surviving another.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/higher-education-isnt-the-enemy</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-07-23</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/62fe0fca3cb8891b716a8ec1/1749124421829-DUOCD1H5UU9RKHBCFVCO/Screenshot+2025-06-05+at+12.53.29%E2%80%AFPM.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>News Collection - Higher Education Isn’t the Enemy - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>My advice to those new in government work is to approach the job with modesty. While government can benefit from a business perspective, government can’t and shouldn’t be run like a business. This is in part because government work requires skills and knowledge one doesn’t acquire in business.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/bloomberg-wall-street-week-january-26-2024</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-09-16</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/62fe0fca3cb8891b716a8ec1/9d024c79-fe46-4f8e-af70-b59ec5db1482/Robert+Rubin+Bloomberg+Wall+Street+Week+01-26-24.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>News Collection - Wall Street Week - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>In an interview on Bloomberg's Wall Street Week, Robert Rubin reflects on one of the most successful fiscal policy initiatives in modern American history—the efforts to balance the budget during the Clinton administration. Drawing on his roles as Director of the National Economic Council and Secretary of the Treasury, Rubin describes debates over the policy measures that would best reduce America’s deficits and national debt. As he recounts, the plan's success stemmed not only from sound economic policy but also from a unique political environment, when businesses and the public were concerned about fiscal responsibility, as typified by candidates Paul Tsongas and Ross Perot in the 1992 presidential campaign. Rubin also recounts the critical part of both tax and spending measures for deficit reduction. Drawing parallels to today's fiscal challenges, Rubin warns that current debt levels—now at 100% of GDP, the highest since the post-World War II era—pose even greater risks than those faced in 1993. He describes the troubling economic effects of this situation on interest rates and other areas, but notes the difficulty of deficit reduction in the current political environment.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/the-soft-landing-could-easily-turn-hard</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-09-16</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/62fe0fca3cb8891b716a8ec1/22d8e39d-6f4c-43dc-94af-4582389635d7/Robert+Rubin+Portrait.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>News Collection - Robert Rubin: The ‘Soft Landing’ Could Easily Turn Hard - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/how-to-make-decisions-in-an-uncertain-world</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-06-28</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/62fe0fca3cb8891b716a8ec1/5ae7f2b5-b845-4062-bf6e-4598f6eda28b/Screenshot+2024-11-19+at+9.15.22%E2%80%AFPM.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>News Collection - How to make decisions in an uncertain world - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Robert Rubin joins Michael Smerconish on CNN to discuss his latest book, "The Yellow Pad: Making Better Decisions in an Uncertain World," and the philosophical approach that has guided his approach to decision-making throughout his career on Wall Street, in the White House, and at the Treasury Department. The conversation explores a pivotal moment during Rubin’s sophomore year at Harvard, when a philosophy professor's observation that "nothing can be proven in an absolute sense" fundamentally shaped his worldview. This revelation led Rubin to develop what he calls a "probabilistic mindset”: the practice of identifying multiple possible outcomes, assessing their likelihood, and making decisions based on careful analysis rather than absolute certainties. Rubin describes how he has pursued this approach using his signature tool—a yellow legal pad—to systematically work through complex decisions. He emphasized how this methodology served him well, whether he was working in Goldman Sachs' arbitrage department or crafting economic policy in the Clinton White House. The discussion also touches on his "energetic curiosity," which at age 85 continues to drive him to explore new subjects like artificial intelligence, demonstrating the lifelong learning mindset that has characterized his approach to both personal and professional challenges.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/robert-rubin-on-making-better-decisions-slfd9</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-06-28</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/62fe0fca3cb8891b716a8ec1/1703428766596-NF7FC47H97FDAH9OSR40/The+Yellow+Pad+Stack.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>News Collection - Top Business Leaders Pick the Year’s 58 Must-Reads - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/congress-can-help-make-housing-affordable-it-just-has-to-act</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-09-16</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/62fe0fca3cb8891b716a8ec1/a29100f5-098a-46cd-a0ac-7fdac4b2eac5/Screenshot+2023-12-05+at+9.33.52+AM.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>News Collection - Robert Rubin: Congress can help make housing affordable — it just has to act - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Home sale signs are posted along Topanga Canyon road in Los Angeles on Oct. 19, 2023. On Tuesday, the National Association of Realtors on reports on existing home sales for October. (AP Photo/Richard Vogel, File)</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/crobert-rubin-the-biggest-risks-to-the-us-economy-are-political-not-financial</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-09-16</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/62fe0fca3cb8891b716a8ec1/1701787391059-N89SQKYRIFILD9L9O4MB/Screenshot+2023-12-05+at+9.42.58+AM.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>News Collection - Robert Rubin: The biggest risks to the US economy are political, not financial - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/decision-making-uncertain-world</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-09-16</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/robert-rubin-on-whether-the-u-s-should-want-china-to-prosper</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-09-16</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/62fe0fca3cb8891b716a8ec1/d3b6080e-54a1-4eaa-a798-e334a8647e51/RobertRubin_Sketch.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>News Collection - Robert Rubin on Whether the U.S. Should Want China to Prosper - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/robert-rubin-on-making-better-decisions</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-02-08</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/62fe0fca3cb8891b716a8ec1/1691410166196-L4EBHP72CQUKX7CXWNYC/Makingbetterdecisions.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>News Collection - Former Treasury Secretary Robert Rubin on making better decisions - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/economic-club-of-washington-dc-robert-e-rubin</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-09-16</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/62fe0fca3cb8891b716a8ec1/1691423025105-G8N3238LVTJYIH17SNZM/Screenshot+2023-08-07+at+16.43.26.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>News Collection - Robert Rubin: Economic Decision-Making During Times of Uncertainty - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/straight-talk-with-hank-paulson</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-09-16</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/62fe0fca3cb8891b716a8ec1/1689116611181-XRES3FLCY2QN4FXSEO15/robert-rubin-hank-paulson.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>News Collection - Robert Rubin: Decision-making, leadership, free expression, and more - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/the-book-that-changed-robert-rubins-thinking-about-poverty</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-09-16</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/62fe0fca3cb8891b716a8ec1/1689069338940-XQY80LNXDVALQ26H01DC/robert-rubin-hedcut.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>News Collection - Robert Rubin on Ken Auletta’s “The Underclass” - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/economic-decision-making-during-times-of-uncertainty</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-06-30</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/get-rid-of-the-debt-ceiling-once-and-for-all</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-09-16</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/62fe0fca3cb8891b716a8ec1/1686064035849-CDS3TAPPPJ6EBG504ROL/Screenshot+2023-06-06+at+4.07.01+pm.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>News Collection - Robert Rubin: Get Rid of the Debt Ceiling Once and for All - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/former-treasury-secretary-robert-rubin-condemns-threats-to-default-on-us-govt-debt</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-09-16</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/62fe0fca3cb8891b716a8ec1/6375a93d-88fe-435b-b207-e6a43ea6aa36/Screenshot+2023-06-06+at+4.03.56+pm.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>News Collection - Robert Rubin: Creating a crisis over the debt limit is dangerous and irresponsible. - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/the-yellow-pad-kirkus-reviews</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-02-08</lastmod>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/the-gop-wants-to-cut-funding-to-the-irs</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-09-16</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/62fe0fca3cb8891b716a8ec1/1675943022247-BIAZKV3VHE2NVGHF61LQ/robert-rubin-irs-funding.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>News Collection - Robert Rubin: The GOP wants to cut funding to the IRS. We can’t let that happen. - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/pl4t9gk7dfj5cw8qmhzxv</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-09-16</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/62fe0fca3cb8891b716a8ec1/1681487702333-MZOKIZFIVWHQPJG8MYXK/MarketWatchBob.jpeg</image:loc>
      <image:title>News Collection - Robert Rubin bearish on today's economy - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/ebxhauj3747jmcjncv8383hcjncy7e</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-09-16</lastmod>
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      <image:title>News Collection - Robert Rubin: A Plan to Help Kids Without Increasing Inflation - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Stefani Reynolds for The New York Times</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/hr-1-and-hr-4-would-reform-our-democracy</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-09-16</lastmod>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/62fe0fca3cb8891b716a8ec1/1726247189023-X7XT8J8BBBHAMOXCQQCJ/Washington-DC.png</image:loc>
      <image:title>News Collection - Robert Rubin: H.R. 1 and H.R. 4 would reform our democracy. They’d also help our economy. - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>The Capitol in Washington on March 5. (Carolyn Kaster/AP)</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.robertrubin.com/news-collection/fiscalresiliency</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2025-09-16</lastmod>
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      <image:caption>Robert Rubin speaks with Ashley Swearengin, mayor of Fresno, California, at a Hamilton Project event in Washington, DC, on October 13, 2010. Credit: Ralph Alswang/The Hamilton Project</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Robert Rubin laughs with Maurice Jones, CEO of the Local Initiatives Support Corporation, where he serves as board chair, on April 23, 2019. Credit: Roey Yohei Studios</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Robert Rubin and future president Barack Obama, then a U.S. senator from Illinois, converse at a Hamilton Project event in Washington, DC, on April 5, 2006. Credit: Ralph Alswang/The Hamilton Project</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Robert Rubin speaks at an event held by the Hamilton Project and the Washington Center for Equitable Growth in Washington, DC, on May 16, 2019. Credit: The Hamilton Project</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Robert Rubin, accompanied by his wife, Judy, is sworn in as U.S. secretary of the Treasury in the Oval Office on January 10, 1995. Credit: The White House</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Robert Rubin moderates a conversation with Kyriakos Mitsotakis, prime minister of Greece, at the Council on Foreign Relations in New York on September 23, 2022. Credit: Don Pollard/Council on Foreign Relations</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>New York senators Alfonse D'Amato and Daniel Patrick Moynihan introduce Robert Rubin for his confirmation hearing in the U.S. Senate on January 10, 1995. Credit: The White House</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Robert Rubin greets Aida Alvarez, administrator of the Small Business Administration, on May 24, 1999. Credit: U.S. Department of the Treasury</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Robert Rubin speaks during an event at the Council on Foreign Relations in New York on September 23, 2022. Credit: Don Pollard/Council on Foreign Relations</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Robert Rubin, serving as inaugural director of the White House National Economic Council, speaks with President Bill Clinton at Camp David in January 1993. Credit: The White House</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Robert Rubin speaks with Paul Volcker, former chair of the Federal Reserve Board, at the Council on Foreign Relations in 2008. Credit: Melanie Einzig/Council on Foreign Relations</image:caption>
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